The Wrong Way

I used to create a new directory to hold common templates like “base.html”, and add it TEMPLATES_DIR in the settings.py file:

TEMPLATE_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘templates’) ,)

But in most cases the “base.html” would need to use CSS, JS, and image files to be functional, so I changed the url routing to access them (from the DEBUG mode only), something like:

$ vi apps/urls.py
:
# Serve Static Files 
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static
if settings.DEBUG:
    urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)
    urlpatterns += static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)
    urlpatterns += patterns('django.views.static',
        url(r'^(?P<path>(js|css|img)/.*)$', 'serve', {'document_root':  settings.BASE_DIR+'/../www'}),
        )

This setup isn’t ideal for many reasons:

• I had to modify settings.py and urls.py with complicated settings.
• Theme design span multiple directories, and it isn’t self contained.
• Switching the design is complicated, and include many changes.

Django Simple Themes

Nowadays I create a new Django application e.g. “my_theme” to hold my “base.html” template and all needed static files (CSS, JS, Images, etc…).

./manage.py startapp my_theme

Then add it to INSTALLED_APPS:

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    # django core apps ...
    'my_theme',
    # other apps ...
)

The directory structure for my new app looks like this:

my_theme/
    templates/
        base.html
    static/
        my_theme/
            css/
            js/
            img/

and from my “base.html” (or any other template) I could access the static file using the static tag:

{% load staticfiles %}
<img src="{% static "my_theme/img/logo.png" %}" />

I don’t even need to change the “urls.py” file to access the static file, since the development server (i.e. ./manage.py runserver) already knows how to find them.

But for production I have to define:

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, '../www/static')

and run:

./manage.py collectstatic --noinput

New Theme

By having all theme files inside an application I can start new theme by copying “my_theme” to something like “new_theme” and replace it in the INSTALLED_APPS in the settings.py.

What about uploaded files?

To access uploaded file from development server you need to define both MEDIA_URL and MEDIA_ROOT and change your “urls.py”:

$ vi apps/urls.py
:
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static
if settings.DEBUG:
    urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

Source: Serving files uploaded by a user during development

Sample Theme

You can download my sample theme from: https://github.com/rayed/django_theme

• django
• python
• theme
• web